Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of valve surgery patients stratified by causation

71.3

59.7

71.9

<0.001

(61.2 – 78.3)

(50.9 – 71.4)

(62.3 – 78.6)

37.3

64.5

35.0

<0.001

(36.6 – 38.1)

(61.9 – 67.0)

(34.2 – 35.7)

1.9

12.6

1.0

<0.001

(1.7 – 2.1)

(10.9 – 14.4)

(0.8 – 1.2)

39.1

21.2

40.7

<0.001

(38.4 – 39.8)

(19.1 – 23.5)

(39.9 – 41.4)

23.2

20.3

23.4

0.009

(22.5 – 23.8)

(18.2 – 22.5)

(22.8 – 24.1)

3.4

2.8

3.5

0.436

(3.1 – 3.7)

(2.0 – 03.8)

(3.2 – 03.8)

36.7

31.2

37.2

0.814

(36.0 – 37.5)

(28.8 – 33.7)

(36.5 – 38.0)

67.0

53.0

68.2

<0.001

(66.3 – 67.7)

(50.3 – 55.7)

(67.5 – 68.9)

53.1

52.7

53.1

0.955

(52.3 -53.8)

(50.0 - 55.3)

(52.3 - 53.9)

16.0

25.1

15.2

<0.001

(15.2 - 16.7)

(22.0 - 28.4)

(14.5 - 16.0)

43.7

53.7

42.8

0.351

(42.9 – 44.4)

(51.0 – 56.4)

(42.0 – 43.6)

19.3

40.5

17.4

<0.001

(18.7 – 19.9)

(37.9 – 43.2)

(16.8 – 18.0)

81.2

84.6

80.9

0.001

(80.6 – 81.8)

(82.6 – 86.5)

(80.3 – 81.5)

12.1

10.9

12.2

0.154

(11.6 – 12.6)

(9.3 – 12.7)

(11.7 – 12.7)

4.3

2.2

4.5

<0.001

(4.0 – 4.6)

(1.5 – 3.2)

(4.2 – 4.8)

6.4

13.5

5.8

<0.001

(6.1 – 6.8)

(11.8 – 15.4)

(5.4 – 6.2)

4.9

20.7

3.3

<0.001

(4.3 – 5.6)

(16.7 – 25.2)

(2.8 – 4.0)