Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population
Clinical characteristics | Total (n = 182) | Carotid atherosclerosis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
+ (n = 99, 54.4%) | - (n = 83, 45.6%) | p | ||
Age (years) | 67.8 ± 14.7 | 74.5 ± 9.8 | 59.9 ± 15.6 | <0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 96 (52.7) | 54 (54.5) | 42 (50.6) | 0.351 |
Smoker, n (%) | 70 (38.4) | 41 (41.4) | 29 (34.9) | 0.756 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.4 | 23.6 ± 3.1 | 24.7 ± 3.8 | 0.065 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 129 (70.8) | 81 (81.8) | 48 (57.8) | 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134.3 ± 21.0 | 136.0 ± 23.4 | 131.5 ± 17.4 | 0.093 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.5 ± 12.0 | 73.7 ± 12.6 | 77.6 ± 10.8 | 0.026 |
Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 58.8 ± 17.1 | 62.9 ± 18.9 | 53.9 ± 13.1 | <0.001 |
Baseline laboratory findings | ||||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.3 ± 2.1 | 11.5 ± 2.0 | 11.3 ± 2.2 | 0.553 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 4.0 ± 0.6 | 0.144 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)* | 28.7 (10.8-118.3) | 30.9 (10.8-118.3) | 27.1 (12.2-99.0) | 0.065 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.6 ± 2.5 | 2.7 ± 2.0 | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 0.229 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 28.1 ± 16.1 | 23.6 ± 15.5 | 30.1 ± 18.5 | 0.185 |
Calcium (Ca) | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 8.8 ± 0.6 | 8.6 ± 0.8 | 0.128 |
Phosphorus (P) | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 1.4 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 0.030 |
Ca * P product | 34.6 ± 9.4 | 35.4 ± 18.3 | 34.2 ± 10.8 | 0.292 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 163.1 ± 44.8 | 169.8 ± 41.3 | 157.6 ± 47.1 | 0.092 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47.0 ± 15.2 | 47.9 ± 16.5 | 45.9 ± 12.9 | 0.456 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 99.8 ± 35.2 | 108.9 ± 35.8 | 93.2 ± 33.3 | 0.011 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 112.9 ± 51.7 | 128.2 ± 51.3 | 101.6 ± 49.4 | 0.003 |
Urine PCR† | -1.17 ± 1.42 | -1.34 ± 1.27 | -0.98 ± 1.57 | 0.103 |
hs-CRP (mg/L) † | -0.20 ± 1.12 | -0.01 ± 1.19 | -0.43 ± 0.98 | <0.001 |
Statin use, n (%) | 105 (57.6) | 61 (61.6) | 44 (53.0) | 0.041 |
cIMT (mm) | 0.87 ± 0.18 | 0.95 ± 0.18 | 0.75 ± 0.09 | <0.001 |
Plaque, n (%) | 90 (49.5) | 90 (90.9) | - | - |