Body mass index in chronic heart failure: association with biomarkers of neurohormonal activation, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction

Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics according to BMI categories

BMI	≤21 kg/m² N = 11	21-25 kg/m² N = 52	>25 kg/m² N = 108	P-value
Clinical characteristics
Age, years	74 (10)	70 (11)	67 (10)	0.04¶
Sex, female %	46	37	20	0.04†
eGFR, ml/min/m²	77 (31)	66 (29)	74 (31)	0.27¶
CHF Duration*, months	1.5 (1–69)	3 (2–30)	6 (3–36)	0.17†
LVEF, %	34 (8)	30 (9)	30 (8)	0.35¶
NYHA class I/II, %	82	73	73	0.81†
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, %	9	15	33	0.02†
P-sodium, mmol/l	138 (3)	137 (4)	138 (3)	0.35¶

P-value is a comparison of mean (¶ = ANOVA)/ median/percentages († = Kruskal Wallis Test/Chi2 Test) between patients with BMI ≤ 21, 21–25 and BMI >25 kg/m2.
Mean (SD), * = median (interquartile range); ¶ = ANOVA; † = Pearson chi2 test/Kruskal Wallis Test.
Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index, CHF: chronic heart failure, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.

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