The effects of plant stanol ester consumption on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in adults: a randomised controlled clinical trial

Table 1 Clinical characteristics, blood pressure, serum and lipoprotein lipids and vascular variables at baseline and after the six-month intervention in the control and plant stanol ester groups

	Control group (n=46)*		Staest group (n=46)*		p^†
	Baseline	Intervention	Baseline	Intervention
n (M/F)	46(14/32)		46(21/25)		0.197
Age (y)	50.6 ± 1.4		50.9 ± 1.4		0.676
Weight (kg) ^‡	72.4 ± 2.0	73.3 ± 2.0	76.6 ± 2.2	77.4 ± 2.2	0.670
BMI (kg/m²) ^‡	25.0 ± 0.5	25.3 ± 0.5	25.4 ± 0.6	25.6 ± 0.5	0.507
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)^‡	120 ± 2	118 ± 2	125 ± 2^§	119 ± 2	0.245
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	75 ± 1	74 ± 1	76 ± 1	74 ± 1	0.291
Plasma glucose (mmol/l)	4.87 ± 0.08	4.90 ± 0.08	4.97 ± 0.08	4.98 ± 0.08	0.804
hsCRP (mg/l)	1.08 ± 0.14	1.33 ± 0.24	1.01 ± 0.12	1.00 ± 0.11	0.770
Serum cholesterol (mmol/l)	5.57 ± 0.14	5.73 ± 0.15 ^ll	5.48 ± 0.12	5.28 ± 0.11^{§, ll}	<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	3.54 ± 0.14	3.6 ± 0.15	3.52 ± 0.12	3.23 ± 0.12^{§, ll}	<0.001
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)^‡	1.79 ± 0.07	1.88 ± 0.07	1.76 ± 0.07	1.85 ± 0.08	0.986
non-HDL cholesterol	3.77 ± 0.15	3.85 ± 0.15	3.73 ± 0.13	3.43 ± 0.13^{§, ll}	<0.001
Serum triglycerides (mmol)^‡	0.96 ± 0.07	1.05 ± 0.07	0.89 ± 0.06	0.98 ± 0.07	0.905
CAVI cardio-ankle vascular index¹¹¹	8.66 ± 0.16	8.73 ± 0.15	8.66 ± 0.15	8.69 ± 0.15	0.737
men (n=14/20)	8.35 ± 0.31	8.57 ± 0.29	8.55 ± 0.23	8.46 ± 0.24
women (n=31/23)	8.81 ± 0.19	8.81 ± 0.18	8.75 ± 0.21	8.89 ± 0.18
Reactive hyperemia index	2.2 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.1	0.610
Augmentation index, %	8.2 ± 2.5	11.5 ± 2.7¹¹	8.5 ± 3.1	7.6 ± 2.5	0.046

Values shown are means±SEM. Staest, plant stanol ester; BMI=body mass index; hsCRP=high sensitive C-reactive protein.
^*n=45/43 (control/staest group) for cardio-ankle vascular index and n=44/42 for reactive hyperemia and n=42/38 for augmentation index.
^†Group by time interaction analyzed by repeated measures of variance analysis (general linear model),
except gender (Fisher exact test).
^‡p<0.05, change over time.
^§p<0.05 from controls.
^{l l}p<0.05 from baseline.
¹¹¹group by sex by time interaction p=0.024 for CAVI. In control men: baseline vs intervention p=0.061.

ISSN: 1471-2261