Table 2 Covariates, end points and risk categories of non-laboratory based CV risk prediction algorithms
Algorithms | Covariates | Endpoints | Risk categories | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Age | Smoking | BP | HTN treatment | BMI or W/H ratio | Diabetes | Health history | |||
Non-laboratory based-Framingham [12] | M or F | 30-74 | • Yes, current smoker | Systolic 120-160 | • Yes to current treatment | kg/m2 | • Yes, on insulin or oral hypoglycemic medications, or FBS ≥126 mg/dl | NA | 10-year risk of general and individual CVD events (coronary, cerebro-vascular, and peripheral arterial disease and heart failure). | 0-6%, |
6-20%, | ||||||||||
>20% | ||||||||||
• No, never/former smoker | • No current treatment | • No, none of the above criteria | ||||||||
Non-laboratory based-Gaziano [9] | M or F | 35-74 | • Yes, current/former smoker | Systolic 111- 180 | • Yes to current treatment | kg/m2 | • Yes, diabetes self reported | NA | 5-year risk for first-time fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease events. | ≪5% |
5–10% | ||||||||||
>10–20% | ||||||||||
>20–30% | ||||||||||
• No, never | • No current treatment | • No, diabetes not self reported | >30% | |||||||
Non-laboratory based-WHO/ISH [14] | M or F | 40-70 | • Yes, current/ former smoker ≪1 yr | Systolic 140-180 | NA | NA | • Yes, on insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs; or FBS ≥126 mg/dl; or postprandial plasma glucose 200 mg/l on two occasions. | 10-year combined risk for acute myocardial infarction and stroke (Fatal and nonfatal). | ≪10%, | |
10-?≪?20% | ||||||||||
20-?≪?30% | ||||||||||
30-?≪?40% | ||||||||||
≥40% | ||||||||||
• No, never/former smoker >1 yr | • No, none of above criteria. | |||||||||
Swedish consultation based method [15] | M or F | 40-59 | • Yes, current. | Systolic ≥140 or Diastolic ≥90 | • Yes to current treatment | waist/height ratio | • Yes, diabetes self reported | Family hx of CVD (angina, MI and stroke) | Time to first fatal or nonfatal CVD, which include; cardiovascular death, angina, MI, CABG, PTCA, stroke and PAD. | Not given |
• No current treatment | • No, diabetes not self reported | |||||||||
UK general practice model [16] | F | 60-79 | • Current | Systolic 123-173 | NA | NA | NA | Self-rated health | CHD and CVD events which include MI, CABG or angioplasty and stroke. | Not explicit |
• Former | ||||||||||
• Never | ||||||||||