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Table 1 Baseline variables by ankle-brachial index (ABI)

From: Ankle-brachial index and the incidence of cardiovascular events in the Mediterranean low cardiovascular risk population ARTPER cohort

 

Healthy

PAD

AC

    
 

ABI 0.9-1.4 n = 2916

ABI < 0.9 n = 193

ABI ≥ 1.4 n = 198

Total n = 3307

  

n

%

n

%

N

%

n

%

p *

p

Gender

        

0.001

<0.001

Men

1214

41.6%

105

54.4%

125

63.1%

1444

43.7%

  

Women

1702

58.4%

88

45.6%

73

36.9%

1863

56.3%

  

Age at recruitment

        

<0.001

0.003

49-60

1116

38.3%

38

19.7%

59

29.8%

1213

36.7%

  

60-70

1084

37.2%

52

26.9%

70

35.4%

1206

36.5%

  

70-97

716

24.6%

103

53.4%

69

34.8%

888

26.9%

  

General obesity

        

0.112

<0.001

Underwheight/Average (BMI** < 25 Kg/m2)

516

17.7%

43

22.3%

13

6.6%

572

17.3%

  

Overweight (BMI 25–29.9 Kg/m2)

1337

45.9%

75

38.9%

86

43.4%

1498

45.4%

  

Obese (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2)

1059

36.4%

75

38.9%

99

50.0%

1233

37.3%

  

Abdominal obesity (waist circumference)

        

0.448

0.040

<102 cm men / <88 cm women

1144

39.5%

71

36.8%

63

32.1%

1278

38.9%

  

≥102 cm men / ≥88 cm women

1749

60.5%

122

63.2%

133

67.9%

2004

61.1%

  

Smoking

        

<0.001

0.007

Never smoked

1712

58.7%

82

42.5%

97

49.0%

1891

57.2%

  

Ever smoked

1204

41.3%

111

57.5%

101

51.0%

1416

42.8%

  

Co-morbidity (medical records)

          

Hypertension§

1205

41.9%

122

64.2%

101

52.9%

1428

43.9%

<0.001

0.003

Hypercholesterolemia_

1283

45.0%

106

55.8%

95

48.7%

1484

45.9%

0.004

0.317

Diabetes

380

13.0%

55

28.5%

48

24.2%

483

14.6%

<0.001

<0.001

  1. ABI: ankle-brachial index, PAD: peripheral arterial disease, AC: arterial calcification.
  2. Individuals with prevalent events excluded.
  3. *: p-value comparing ABI < 0.9 with ABI 0.9-1.4.
  4. †: p-value comparing ABI ≥ 1.4 with ABI 0.9-1.4.
  5. All comparisons made with chi-squared test.
  6. **: BMI: body mass index.
  7. ‡ 0, 23 and 2 missing values among each ABI group.
  8. § 3, 41 and 7 missing values among each ABI group.
  9. _ 3, 67 and 3 missing values among each ABI group.