Overall | Low risk | Intermediate risk | High risk | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | |||||
Age | 49.4 (0.01) | 48.4 (0.03) | 49.7 (0.03) | 52.9 (0.13) | |
Male sex | 49.6 | 40 | 55 | 64.3 | <0.001 |
Race | 0.008 | ||||
Malay | 48.4 | 47.2 | 48.3 | 50.9 | |
Chinese | 29.6 | 28.3 | 30.3 | 31.5 | |
Asian Indian | 7.8 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 7.4 | |
Others | 14.2 | 16.6 | 13.2 | 10.1 | |
Residence | 0.007 | ||||
Urban | 60.8 | 64.3 | 58 | 55.8 | |
Rural | 39.2 | 35.7 | 42 | 44.2 | |
Education (Years of schooling) | <0.001 | ||||
Tertiary (≥ 13 years) | 7.8 | 11.1 | 5.8 | 2.8 | |
Secondary (7–12 years) | 41.7 | 54.3 | 33.7 | 22.9 | |
Primary (≤6 years) | 35.4 | 26.4 | 40.9 | 49 | |
Household income | <0.001 | ||||
<RM2000 | 62.4 | 57.1 | 64.4 | 71.4 | |
RM2000-3999 | 23.9 | 26.3 | 23.1 | 19.8 | |
≥RM4000 | 13.7 | 16.6 | 12.5 | 8.8 | |
Prevalences of CV risk factors | |||||
Smoking | 22.2 (20.3, 24.3) | 16.6 (14.8, 18.5) | 25.9 (23.8, 28.0) | 30.7 (27.7, 33.8) | <0.001 |
Central obesity | 44.6 (42.6, 46.5) | 38.4 (36.7, 40.2) | 48.5 (45, 51.9) | 53.8 (51, 56.5) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 50.1 (48.1, 52.2) | 26.1 (24.4, 28.1) | 64.3 (62.2, 66.5) | 87 (85.9, 88) | <0.001 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 30.3 (27.7, 33) | 23.2 (21.0, 25.5) | 35.9 (32.6, 39.3) | 40.1 (36.8, 43.6) | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 15.2 (13.8, 16.7) | 4 (3.4, 4.6) | 15.4 (13.7, 17.3) | 37.3 (33.7, 41) | <0.001 |