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Table 3 Subgroup estimation of the effects of fish oil supplementation on TNF-α and IL-6 in patients with CHF

From: Effects of fish oil supplementation on inflammatory markers in chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

 

TNF-α

IL-6

Subgroup

Study arms (n)/patients (n)

SMD [95% CI]

p※

Study arms (n)/patients (n)

SMD (95% CI)

p※

Age

      

≤ 60 years

3/57

-0.47 [-1.22, 0.27]

 

2/43

-0.80 [-1.45, -0.15]

 

> 60 years

4/285

-0.68 [-1.28, -0.08]

0.67

4/285

-0.81 [-1.72, 0.10]

0.99

Gender (male)

      

≤ 90%

4/244

-0.76 [-1.48, -0.03]

 

3/230

-1.02 [-1.77, -0.28]

 

> 90%

3/98

-0.44 [-0.87, -0.02]

0.46

3/98

-0.60 [-1.92, 0.72]

0.58

Ischemic CHF

      

Not excluded

3/125

-0.42 [-0.94, 0.09]

 

2/111

-0.05 [-1.17, 1.07]

 

Excluded

4/217

-0.71 [-1.34, -0.07]

0.50

4/217

-1.33 [-1.74, -0.92]

0.06

Baseline NYHA (class IV)

      

Not included

3/249

-0.85 [-1.51, -0.18]

 

3/249

-1.23 [-1.93, -0.54]

 

Included

3/57

-0.47 [-1.22, 0.27]

0.47

2/43

-0.80 [-1.45, -0.15]

0.37

Baseline LVEF

      

≤ 30%

3/57

-0.47 [-1.22, 0.27]

 

2/43

-0.80 [-1.45, -0.15]

 

> 30%

3/249

-0.85 [-1.51, -0.18]

0.47

3/249

-1.23 [-1.93, -0.54]

0.37

Baseline TNF-α

      

≤ 10 pg/ml

4/93

-0.33 [-0.82, 0.17]

 

—

—

 

> 10 pg/ml

3/249

-0.85 [-1.51, -0.18]

0.22

—

—

—

Baseline IL-6

      

≤ 5 pg/ml

—

—

 

3/79

-0.31 [-1.27, 0.65]

 

> 5 pg/ml

—

—

—

3/249

-1.23 [-1.93, -0.54]

0.13

ACEI/ARB

      

Not all used

1/14

-1.41 [-2.62, -0.19]

 

0/0

—

 

All used

5/292

-0.62 [-1.17, -0.08]

0.25

5/292

-1.10 [-1.60, -0.60]

—

β-blockers

      

Not all used

3/125

-0.42 [-0.94, 0.09]

 

2/111

-0.05 [-1.17, 1.07]

 

All used

4/217

-0.71 [-1.34, -0.07]

0.50

4/217

-1.33 [-1.74, -0.92]

0.06

EPA + DHA

      

≤ 1000 mg/d

3/133

-0.23 [-0.57, 0.11]

 

3/133

-0.26 [-1.06, 0.54]

 

> 1000 mg/d

4/209

-1.01 [-1.50, -0.53]

0.01

3/195

-1.47 [-1.84, -1.11]

0.007

EPA

      

≤ 800 mg/d

4/266

-0.51 [-1.20, 0.19]

 

4/266

-0.62 [-1.54, 0.29]

 

> 800 mg/d

3/76

-0.76 [-1.25, -0.27]

0.56

2/62

-1.25 [-1.93, -0.56]

0.28

DHA

      

≤ 1300 mg/d

4/266

-0.51 [-1.20, 0.19]

 

4/266

-0.62 [-1.54, 0.29]

 

> 1300 mg/d

3/76

-0.76 [-1.25, -0.27]

0.56

2/62

-1.25 [-1.93, -0.56]

0.28

EPA DHA ratio

      

≤ 1

3/210

-0.80 [-1.53, -0.07]

 

3/210

-0.88 [-2.20, 0.44]

 

> 1

4/132

-0.38 [-0.79, 0.03]

0.32

3/118

-0.66 [-1.04, -0.29]

0.76

Duration

      

≤ 4 months

5/168

-0.32 [-0.63, -0.01]

 

4/154

-0.38 [-1.02, 0.26]

 

> 4 months

2/174

-1.15 [-1.67, -0.62]

0.008

2/174

-1.59 [-1.93, -1.25]

0.001

Quality score

      

≤ 3

5/299

-0.77 [-1.32, -0.22]

 

4/285

-0.81 [-1.72, 0.10]

 

> 3

2/43

-0.16 [-0.78, 0.46]

0.15

2/43

-0.80 [-1.45, -0.15]

0.99

  1. p※ difference between strata (Student’s t test).
  2. TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; IL-6, interleukin 6; CHF, chronic heart failure; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor inhibitor; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, ducosahexenoic acid; SMD, standardized mean difference; CI, confidence interval.
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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