Immediate and one-year outcome of patients presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome complicated by stroke: Findings from the 2ndGulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE-2)

Table 1 Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics for patients with or without prior stroke

Variable	No stroke (n = 7,874 )	Stroke (n = 56)	P value
Diagnosis
STEMI / New or presumed LBBB	45.4%	71.4%	0.001
NSTEMI	30.2%	17.9%
Unstable Angina	24.4%	10.7%
Age in years (mean ± SD)	57 ± 12	62 ± 12	0.006
Female gender	21.2%	25%	0.5
Body mass index (kg/m2) (mean ± SD)	27 ± 5	26 ± 4	0.20
Current smokers	52.9%	51.8%	0.9
Previous angina	38.4%	45.3%	0.30
Previous MI	19.8%	20.8%	0.86
Previous PCI	9.2%	5.6%	0.35
Previous CABG	4.3%	3.6%	0.8
Diabetes mellitus*	40.1%	43.6%	0.6
Hypertension†	47.6%	66%	0.01
Hyperlipidemia‡	37.5%	34.8%	0.001
Family history of CAD	11.7%	8.7%	0.53
Previous heart failure	6.7%	13.2%	0.06
Atrial fibrillation	2.1%	7.1%	0.008
Renal failure	4.1%	3.7%	0.89
Peripheral arterial disease	2%	4%	0.26
At presentation
Presentation >12 hours	58.4%	41.7%	0.1
Ischemic chest pain	84.3%	62.5%	0.001
Atypical chest pain	5%	3.6%
Dyspnea	7%	10.7%
Killip Class			0.001
Killip class I	77.2%	53.6%
Killip class II	14.4%	28.6%
Killip class III	5.1%	5.4%
Killip class IV	3.2%	12.5%
Heart rate (beats/min) (mean ± SD)	84 ± 20	90 ± 19	0.05
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) (mean ± SD)	135 ± 29	132 ± 35	0.44
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) (mean ± SD)	81 ± 17	90 ± 19	0.05
GRACE risk score
Low	39%	20%	0.001
Intermediate	39%	36%
High	22%	44%
Medications before admission
Aspirin	40.5%	43.6%	0.4
Clopidogrel	12.4%	8.9%	0.4
Β-blockers	29.1%	25%	0.5
ACE inhibitors	25.6%	33.9%	0.2
Angiotensin-receptor blockers	4.7%	1.8%	0.3
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor	31.5%	30.4%	0.9
Laboratory investigations
Creatinine	101 ± 74	140 ± 124	0.03

Data are expressed as mean or as number (percentage).
* Patient had been informed of the diagnosis by a physician before admission and was undergoing treatment for type 1 or 2 diabetes.
† Systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg, or current antihypertensive treatment.
ACE-inhibitors = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
‡ Total cholesterol >6.1 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein >4.1 mmol/L, or high-density lipoprotein <0.9 mmol/L; triglycerides >200 mg/dl; or current use of lipid-lowering agent; MI = myocardial infarction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; CAD = coronary artery diseases; CABG = Coronary Artery Bypass Graft.

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