Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression for factors associated with the utilization of disease-modifying treatment in 10,091 individuals administered digoxin and diuretics for chronic heart failure

Older Age group

0.91 (0.84-0.97)

1.07 (1.01-1.14)

0.87 (0.78-0.96)

Women

1.16 (1.05-1.29)

0.83 (0.71-0.97)

Specialty of healthcare providers being internal medicine

1.37 (1.09-1.71)

1.23 (1.01-1.49)

Tertiary hospital

1.78 (1.49-2.12)

1.94 (1.73-2.16)

1.12 (1.03-1.22)

0.78 (0.68-0.88)

0.55 (0.48-0.64)

Urban residence

1.46 (1.23-1.74)

1.19 (1.09-1.29)

0.72 (0.62-0.84)

Outpatient prescription

3.87(2.95-4.57)

2.19 (1.95-2.46)

3.17 (2.75-3.64)

2.18 (1.80-2.64)

2.30 (1.69-3.05)

Cardiovascular disease

 Myocardial infarction

1.19 (1.03-1.36)

 Transient ischemic stroke

0.78 (0.68-0.86)

1.51 (1.25-1.83)

 Arterial fibrillation or flutter

1.54 (1.28-1.84)

1.37 (1.24-1.51)

0.90 (0.83-0.99)

 Valvular heart disease

1.23 (1.08-1.41)

0.71 (0.54-0.93)

Medical history

 Hypertension

1.10(1.02-1.22)

0.62 (0.53-0.73)

 Diabetes mellitus

1.32 (1.10-1.56)

1.09 (1.01-1.20)

0.84 (0.71-0.98)

 Hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia

0.78 (0.65-0.93)

 End-stage renal disease

0.78 (0.68-0.86)

 Chronic lung disease

0.84 (0.76-0.93)

1.13 (1.03-1.23)

0.86 (0.74-0.93)

1.15 (1.00-1.34)

 Dementia

0.61 (0.42-0.90)

0.84 (0.70-0.99)

1.41 (1.09-1.82)

 Depression

Concomitant medication

 CCB*

1.28 (1.15-1.42)

0.82 (0.75-0.90)

1.31 (1.13-1.53)

0.76 (0.64-0.90)

 Nitrates

1.39 (1.21-1.60)

1.33 (1.20-1.47)

0.73 (0.61-0.87)

 Inotropics

1.78 (1.48-2.16)

1.53 (1.37-1.69)

0.72 (0.60-0.86)

0.68 (0.56-0.83)

 Hydralazine

1.64 (1.14-2.37)

 Lipid-lowering agents

1.93 (1.52-2.48)

1.61 (1.43-1.83)

0.46 (0.34-0.62)

 Anti-diabetic medication

1.14 (1.01-1.25)

 Anti-thrombotics

1.63 (1.35-1.96)

1.55 (1.37-1.75)

0.59 (0.49-0.67)