Cardiovascular disease risk factors in women | Baseline Survey (2006) | After 3-year intervention (2009) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | Intervention | p†| Reference | Intervention | p†| |
Social risk factors | ||||||
Age (years) | 48.5 ± 14.1 | 47.5 ± 14.0 | 0.179 | 47.8 ± 14.7 | 48.6 ± 13.6 | 0.237 |
Education: secondary school or higher (%) | 68.2% | 78.3% | <0.001 | 75.9%§ | 82.1% | 0.004 |
Occupation: manual labour (%) | 17.8% | 30.6% | <0.001 | 25.5%§ | 32.4% | 0.003 |
Behavioural risk factors | ||||||
Current daily smoking (%) | 0.2% | 0.7% | 0.146 | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.588 |
Heavy alcohol consumption (%) | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.958 | 0.0% | 0.0% | - |
Physical inactivity (%) | 8.8% | 6.8% | 0.150 | 8.4% | 12.8%§ | 0.006 |
Salty diet (%) | 19.9% | 25.5% | 0.011 | 17.5% | 18.1%§ | 0.782 |
Biological risk factors | ||||||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133.7 ± 21.5 | 132.1 ±21.3 | 0.154 | 125.1 ±20.7§ | 121.8 ±17.5§ | 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.6 ± 9.7 | 80.0 ±11.1 | <0.001 | 76.6 ± 10.5 | 75.0 ± 9.5§ | 0.002 |
Weight (kg) | 46.3 ± 6.1 | 46.4 ±6.5 | 0.743 | 45.3 ± 6.5§ | 47.0 ± 6.9 | <0.001 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 20.1 ± 2.2 | 20.2 ± 2.4 | 0.308 | 19.5 ± 2.4§ | 20.2 ± 2.5 | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 67.7 ± 6.4 | 67.8 ± 6.7 | 0.884 | 69.7 ± 6.8§ | 71.9 ± 7.2§ | <0.001 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 84.3 ± 4.8 | 83.9 ± 4.8 | 0.108 | 84.1 ± 4.8 | 85.7 ± 5.2 § | <0.001 |
Waist-Hip-Ratio | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.140 | 0.83 ± 0.06§ | 0.84 ± 0.06§ | 0.003 |
Prevalence of obesity | 5.4% | 6.8% | 0.254 | 8.9%§ | 14.6%§ | 0.001 |
Prevalence of hypertension | 29.1% | 30.6% | 0.547 | 20.9%§ | 19.4%§ | 0.477 |
Awareness among hypertensives | 21.0% | 35.1% | 0.001 | 23.6% | 64.6%§ | <0.001 |
Being treated among hypertensives | 6.9% | 1.8% | 0.004 | 10.2% | 51.4%§ | <0.001 |
Well controlled among hypertensives | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.967 | 0.0% | 18.0%§ | <0.001 |
Social risk factors | ||||||
Age (years) | 50.8 ± 12.3 | 51.4 ± 12.3 | 0.474 | 50.9 ± 12.1 | 52.5 ± 12.3 | 0.048 |
Education: secondary school or higher (%) | 81.3% | 89.2% | 0.001 | 82.0% | 89.8% | 0.001 |
Occupation: manual labour (%) | 25.7% | 41.4% | <0.001 | 30.9% | 40.3% | 0.004 |
Behavioural risk factors | ||||||
Current daily smoking (%) | 47.9% | 47.8% | 0.967 | 45.8% | 45.5% | 0.930 |
Heavy alcohol consumption (%) | 34.4% | 37.9% | 0.289 | 23.8%§ | 27.5%§ | 0.201 |
Physical inactivity (%) | 9.0% | 10.1% | 0.613 | 11.6% | 17.5%§ | 0.015 |
Salty diet (%) | 32.1% | 44.0% | 0.001 | 30.9% | 35.8%§ | 0.122 |
Biological risk factors | ||||||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136.5 ±20.4 | 139.4 ±20.3 | 0.037 | 132.5 ±19.0 § | 133.7 ±18.6 § | 0.355 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.9 ± 10.3 | 85.3 ± 11.0 | <0.001 | 81.8 ± 10.6 | 82.2 ± 11.4 § | 0.603 |
Weight (kg) | 52.9 ± 7.3 | 52.8 ± 8.1 | 0.927 | 52.7 ± 7.9 | 53.3 ± 7.5 | 0.236 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 20.3 ± 2.4 | 20.5 ± 2.7 | 0.412 | 19.9 ± 2.6 § | 20.4 ± 2.4 | 0.006 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 71.0 ± 7.5 | 71.5 ± 8.0 | 0.320 | 74.1 ± 8.0 § | 74.5 ± 7.3 § | 0.438 |
Hip circumference (cm) | 85.5 ± 5.6 | 85.0 ± 5.3 | 0.192 | 86.3 ± 5.2 | 86.5 ± 5.5 § | 0.500 |
Waist-Hip-Ratio | 0.83 ± 0.06 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.018 | 0.86 ± 0.06 § | 0.86 ± 0.05 § | 0.521 |
Prevalence of obesity | 5.2% | 7.6% | 0.173 | 6.2% | 5.0% | 0.440 |
Prevalence of hypertension | 34.0% | 46.7% | <0.001 | 31.0% | 39.7%§ | 0.008 |
Awareness among hypertensives | 24.7% | 31.3% | 0.176 | 27.4% | 45.0%§ | <0.001 |
Being treated among hypertensives | 4.7% | 3.0% | 0.418 | 15.6%§ | 36.5%§ | <0.001 |
Well controlled among hypertensives | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.444 | 1.6% | 8.0%§ | 0.009 |