Table 1 General demographic and clinics characteristics

Age

53.37 ± 12.04

48.56 ± 11.85

59.29 ± 10.56

52.05 ± 11.33

< 0.001

Male (n. %)

163 (53.40)

34 (37.00)

65 (65.00)

64 (56.60)

< 0.001

Female (n.%)

142 (46.60)

58 (63.00)

35 (35.00)

49 (43.40)

< 0.001

Dyslipidemia (n. %)

121 (39.70)

12 (13.00)

73 (73.00)

36 (31.90)

< 0.001

Smoking (n. %)

71 (23.30)

24 (26.10)

20 (20.00)

27 (23.90)

0.597

BMI (Kg/m²)

27.92 ± 4.53

25.73 ± 3.49

29.90 ± 5.24

27.96 ± 3.75

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm.)

95.80 ± 12.31

89.57 ± 9.53

102.32 ± 12.63

95.16 ± 11.25

< 0.001

Body fat percentage

34.06 ± 6.97

33.89 ± 7.04

34.67 ± 7.49

33.69 ± 6.47

0.589

Waist to height ratio

0.58 ± 0.08

0.54 ± 0.05

0.62 ± 0.09

0.57 ± 0.06

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

205.36 ± 40.40

207.68 ± 38.70

189.81 ± 38.33

217.23 ± 39.41

< 0.001

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

53.85 ± 13.70

58.10 ± 14.29

48.92 ± 11.13

54.82 ± 14.05

< 0.001

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

126.28 ± 34.83

129.97 ± 34.31

111.19 ± 29.82

136.94 ± 35.01

< 0.001

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

104 (74-144.5)

80 (60.25-114.00)

118 (86.25-174.25)

109 (83.00-153.50)

< 0.001

Serum glucose (mg/dL)

89 (80-107.5)

82 (77.00-88.00)

130 (106.00-149.75)

85 (78.50-93.00)

< 0.001

hsCRP (mg/dL)

0.16 (0.09-0.33)

0.13 (0.06-0.23)

0.17 (0.09-0.47)

0.17 (0.09-0.29)

0.043

HOMA index

1.67 (0.98-3.02)

1.07 (0.70-1.75)

2.43 (1.49-4.24)

1.55 (1.06-2.75)

< 0.001

Fibrinogen (mg/dL)

320.52 ± 62.51

319.88 ± 60.11

328.77 ± 67.29

313.73 ± 59.62

0.224

Office SBP (mmHg)

133.61 ± 19.50

115.23 ± 14.21

137.10 ± 18.68

145.48 ± 11.37

< 0.001

Office DBP (mmHg)

84.21 ± 12.27

74.40 ± 8.92

83.10 ± 11.33

93.18 ± 8.33

< 0.001

Peripheral pulse pressure (mmHg)

49.40 ± 12.77

40.83 ± 8.93

54.00 ± 13.39

52.31 ± 11.46

< 0.001

Central SBP (mmHg)

125.28 ± 19.57

107.52 ± 13.69

128.86 ± 17.82

137.86 ± 12.95

< 0.001

Central DBP (mmHg)

84.87 ± 12.86

74.71 ± 9.41

84.31 ± 11.67

94.36 ± 8.87

< 0.001

Central Pulse pressure (mmHg)

40.41 ± 12.12

32.82 ± 8.48

44.55 ± 12.17

43.50 ± 11.78

< 0.001

PWV (m/s)

8.59 ± 2.29

7.03 ± 1.42

9.84 ± 2.35

8.80 ± 2.08

< 0.001

C-IMT mean (mm.)

0.71 ± 0.11

0.64 ± 0.09

0.77 ± 0.12

0.70 ± 0.10

< 0.001

C-IMT maximum (mm.)

0.88 ± 0.14

0.80 ± 0.11

0.96 ± 0.14

0.87 ± 0.12

< 0.001

CAIx

30.33 ± 12.07

29.27 ± 13.28

30.77 ± 11.33

30.89 ± 11.61

0.592

PAIx

91.51 ± 20.67

88.27 ± 19.74

94.73 ± 22.96

91.63 ± 19.11

0.109

ABI

1.11 ± 0.13

1.15 ± 0.11

1.09 ± 0.15

1.11 ± 0.11

0.002

Antihypertensive drugs (n. %)

72 (23.6)

0(0.0)

70 (70.0)

2 (1.8)

< 0.001

Antidiabetic drugs (n. %)

87 (28.5)

0(0.0)

87 (87.0)

0(0.0)

< 0.001

Lipid lowering drugs (n. %)

69 (22.6)

0(0.0)

58 (58.0)

11 (9.7)

< 0.001

Atherosclerotic plaques (n. %)

37 (12.1)

1 (1.1)

25 (25.0)

11 (9.7)

< 0.001