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Table 5 Studies reporting factors from other categories relating to uptake of cardiac rehabilitation

From: A systematic review of patient reported factors associated with uptake and completion of cardiovascular lifestyle behaviour change

Factors

References of studies examining uptake

 

Facilitates

Deters

No relation

Language barriers

Non-English speaking background / less likely to speak English

 

45**

52, 60, 76, 77

Physical wellbeing

(History of) CHD

51

38, 41, 75

33, 66, 67, 70, 77

History of neurological / cognitive impairment

 

45**

 

ACS (compared to IHD)

61

  

Angina pain / MI

65, 51

 

32

Previous cardiac event or cardiac procedurea†

34, 41, 54, 65, 67, 75

34, 38**, 40**, 45**, 76**

31, 32, 33, 52, 65, 67, 76

Presence of clinical cardiac risk factorsb‡

32, 34, 65c, 75, 76, 77

34, 67, 75

19, 35, 38, 45, 50, 52, 60, 67, 77, 76

Co-morbid long-term conditionsd

 

31, 45**, 75, 67, 76e

35, 38, 42, 50, 52, 60, 65, 77

Family history of CHD

34, 76

75

52, 77

Increased weight & body mass index

60, 75

 

33, 50, 60, 67, 76, 77

Various indicators of cardiac conditionf

75

38, 40, 65**,

50

Less frequent diagnosis of angina

 

41

 

Poorer physical functioning/physical QOL

 

35**, 61**

36, 50, 60

On medication for cardiac problems

38, 40, 65

67g

67h

Balancing and integrating health care needs with daily life

Family obligations

 

50

 

Referrals

Not receiving an outpatient appointment

 

40

 

Culture

Foreign citizen

 

65, 77

 

Jewish (compared to Muslim)

61

  

Social support

Practical support

64**

  

Less social support

 

36

37, 56

Medium to large social network (versus small)

64

  

Role of health care professional

Perceived strength of physician recommendation / involvement of a cardiologist

31, 42, 75

  

Attitudes to rehabilitation

CR more suited to younger and more active individuals

 

48

 

CR is necessary/ intention to attend, previously attended CR

33, 36, 48, 51

  

Attitudes to exercise

Sedentary lifestyle / less regular exercise

52

38, 35, 67

32, 33, 76

Personal choices and cultural preferences

Current smoking

34, 38, 45, 75

50, 67

32, 33, 35, 52, 60, 67, 77

Demographics

Greater deprivation

 

36, 38, 40, 42

70

Female

 

34**, 35, 37, 38, 39**, 46, 57, 75, 77

31, 33, 36, 40, 42, 45, 49, 50, 52, 53, 56, 60, 65, 66, 67, 70

Older age

36, 77

31, 33**, 37, 38, 39**, 45**, 57, 75, 77

31, 33, 36, 40, 42, 49, 50, 52, 53, 56, 60, 65, 66, 67, 70

Age between 55–74 years (compared with younger and older groups) / being a pet owner

54

  
  1. Regression analysis not reported [46, 48–50, 57, 66, 67, 72, 73].
  2. ** Independently significant.
  3. †Cardiac procedures: Reperfusion (not otherwise specified), percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary bypass surgery, electrical cardioversion.
  4. ‡ Clinical cardiac risk factors: hypertension and hyperlipidemia (includes stated high cholesterol).
  5. aEvenson and colleagues [34] had conflicting results for having had an event versus having had a procedure. Nielsen et al. [65], Worcester et al. [76] and Redfern et al. [67], had conflicting results for different cardiac procedures.
  6. b Evenson et al. [34] reported conflicting results for hypertension and hyperlipidemia with uptake correlated with (more likelihood of) hyperlipidemia) and non uptake correlated with (more likelihood of) hypertension.
  7. c Raised LDL cholesterol facilitating uptake in women only.
  8. d Includes diabetes, COPD, asthma, other undefined.
  9. e Men with diabetes (not observed in women).
  10. f Various indicators of cardiac condition included: ECG T-wave inversion (independently significant and tachycardia (not independently significant) [50]; NHAR classification (possible versus probable AMI) [40];Greater ejection fraction [50, 75]; More severe cardiac infarction [38, 46].
  11. g One (statin) of eight different medication types (e.g. anti-hypertensives) was negatively associated with attendance. All others were not associated with attendance.