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Table 2 Clinical profile and end points of study population according to number of cardiovascular risk factor treatment targets achieved at baseline

From: Cardiovascular risk factor treatment targets and renal complications in high risk vascular patients: a cohort study

 

Treatment Targets Achieved

Characteristics

≤ 1

2

3

4

≥ 5

p value for trends

n

2813

1652

1785

593

365

 

Age (years)a

57 (49,66)

57 (48,66)

56 (47,64)

58 (50,66)

55 (46,64)

 

Male sex

65.6 (1845)

65.9 (1088)

67.3 (1202)

73.9 (438)

75.1 (274)

0.001

Smoking

      

   Current

32.1 (902)

33.7 (556)

30.3 (541)

29.3 (174)

30.7 (112)

 

   Former

41.7 (1174)

42.3 (698)

45.2 (806)

43.8 (260)

46.3 (169)

 

   Never

26.2 (737)

24.1 (398)

24.5 (438)

26.8 (159)

23 (84)

 

   Packyears

18 ± 0.36

19 ± 0.46

18 ± 0.45

18 ± 0.77

17 ± 0.99

 

Alcohol consumption

     

0.001

   Never

20.8 (584)

21.7 (358)

19.9 (355)

18.2 (108)

18.1 (66)

 

   Ever

9.7 (273)

9 (148)

9.8 (175)

10.8 (64)

12.9 (47)

 

   Recently stopped

29.5 (831)

28.5 (470)

23.1 (412)

16.5 (98)

14.2 (52)

 

   Current

40 (1125)

40.9 (676)

47.2 (843)

54.5 (323)

54.8 (200)

 

History of:

      

   Coronary artery disease

26.5 (745)

36.7 (607)

49 (875)

63.4 (376)

71 (259)

0.001

   Cerebrovascular disease

19.9 (561)

20.8 (343)

17.9 (319)

18.4 (109)

15.6 (57)

0.027

   Peripheral arterial disease

16.8 (472)

17.1 (283)

13 (232)

8.4 (50)

7.9 (29)

0.001

   Previous kidney disease

2.6 (74)

2.7 (44)

2.7 (48)

4.9 (29)

3.6 (13)

 

   Any of the above

56.7 (1595)

64.5 (1065)

71.8 (1281)

82.1 (487)

87.1 (318)

0.001

BMI (kg m-2)

27 ± 0.08

27 ± 0.11

27 ± 0.10

27 ± 0.18

26 ± 0.23

0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

95 ± 0.22

94 ± 0.29

93 ± 0.28

94 ± 0.49

92 ± 0.62

0.001

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

154 ± 0.34

141 ± 0.44

135 ± 0.43

130 ± 0.74

119 ± 0.95

0.001

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

91 ± 0.20

82 ± 0.26

79 ± 0.25

75 ± 0.44

71 ± 0.56

0.001

S. Glucose (mmol L-1)

6.5 ± 0.04

6.6 ± 0.06

6.1 ± 0.05

6.6 ± 0.09

5.9 ± 0.12

0.001

HbA1c (%)

6.1 ± 0.02

6.2 ± 0.03

5.9 ± 0.03

6.1 ± 0.05

5.8 ± 0.06

0.001

Total cholesterol (mmol L-1)

5.95 ± 0.02

5.45 ± 0.03

4.87 ± 0.03

4.02 ± 0.05

3.76 ± 0.06

0.001

HDL cholesterol (mmol L-1)

1.28 ± 0.01

1.25 ± 0.01

1.25 ± 0.01

1.24 ± 0.02

1.20 ± 0.02

0.001

LDL cholesterol (mmol L-1)

3.75 ± 0.02

3.23 ± 0.03

2.84 ± 0.03

2.04 ± 0.05

1.95 ± 0.06

0.001

Triglycerides (mmol L-1)

2.05 ± 0.04

2.16 ± 0.05

1.74 ± 0.05

1.65 ± 0.09

1.38 ± 0.11

0.001

Creatinine (μmol L-1)

92.3 ± 0.87

93.9 ± 1.13

92.1 ± 1.09

91.6 ± 1.88

93.1 ± 2.40

 

Microalbuminuria

21.9 (616)

16.5 (272)

9.7 (174)

13.8 (82)

7.9 (29)

0.001

Proteinuria

3.6 (102)

2.8 (46)

1.4 (25)

1.9 (11)

0.8 (3)

 

eGFR (mL min-1 1.73 m-2)

78.1 ± 0.33

77.6 ± 0.43

77.9 ± 0.41

78.7 ± 0.71

78.1 ± 0.91

 

Haemoglobin (mmol L-1)

9.0 ± 0.01

8.8 ± 0.02

8.8 ± 0.02

8.7 ± 0.03

8.6 ± 0.04

0.001

Patients with Hypertension

84.9 (2387)

62.3 (1029)

54.2 (968)

55.3 (328)

41.4 (151)

0.001

Duration of hypertension (years)

6.0 ± 0.19

5.1 ± 0.24

4.8 ± 0.23

5.5 ± 0.40

4.5 ± 0.51

0.001

Use of BP lowering drugs

62.2 (1749)

61.8 (1021)

64.8 (1157)

75.9 (450)

79.2 (289)

0.001

Type of BP lowering drugs

      

   β-blockers

29.6 (834)

36 (594)

42.7 (762)

50.9 (302)

60.8 (222)

0.001

   Diuretics

18.3 (516)

16.6 (274)

16.6 (296)

22.8 (135)

16.4 (60)

 

   ACE inhibitors

20.5 (576)

22.8 (377)

26.8 (478)

33.1 (196)

32.3 (118)

0.001

   ARBs

7.2 (203)

6.6 (109)

7.1 (126)

11.5 (68)

8.5 (31)

 

   Calcium channel blockers

15.2 (428)

15.7 (260)

16.1 (288)

20.2 (120)

18.1 (66)

0.015

Number of BP lowering drugs

     

0.001

   1

27.3 (768)

26.8 (443)

26.3 (470)

28.8 (171)

37.5 (137)

 

   2

18.3 (515)

18.9 (313)

22.7 (406)

27 (160)

24.7 (90)

 

   3

7.6 (214)

9.1 (151)

10.2 (182)

13.8 (82)

14.8 (54)

 

   ≥ 4

1.8 (51)

2.1 (33)

2.1 (36)

3.9 (23)

1.4 (5)

 

Use of Lipid lowering drugs

32.7 (920)

43.6 (721)

57 (1017)

72.7 (431)

77.3 (282)

0.001

Patients with Diabetes

24.4 (686)

28.8 (475)

17.8 (318)

34.7 (206)

20.3 (74)

 

Duration of diabetes (years)

1.4 ± 0.09

1.8 ± 0.12

1.3 ± 0.12

2.2 ± 0.21

1.3 ± 0.26

 

Use of oral anticoagulants

43.1 (1211)

51.7 (854)

60 (1071)

74.5 (442)

77.3 (282)

0.001

Endpoints

      

End stage renal failure

35

14

5

2

1

 

   Reno-atherosclerotic disease

15

3

5

1

0

 

   Number of total events

50

17

10

3

1

 

   Total person years

14209

8195

7766

2205

1218

 

   Incidence rate per 1000 population

3.52

2.07

1.29

1.36

0.82

< 0.001

  1. Continuous variables are expressed as age and sex adjusted means with SE; categorical variables are expressed as percentages with numbers in parenthesis; amedian with interquartile range
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