Table 1 Baseline characteristics among older adults without clinical cardiovascular disease by major race subgroups; mean (s.d.) and N (%)

Age (years)

65.8 (2.9)

65.7 (2.9)

65.5 (3.0)

66.3 (2.8)

65.9 (2.5)

0.38

Female gender

284 (40%)

216 (40%)

20 (33%)

26 (42%)

22 (42%)

0.73

Diabetes mellitus

91 (13%)

58 (11%)

15 (25%)

10 (16%)

8 (15%)

0.011

History of hypertension

440 (62%)

321 (59%)

45 (75%)

39 (63%)

35 (67%)

0.095

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

131 (18)

130 (17)

136 (22)

133 (15)

136 (20)

0.0045

Body mass index (kg/m²)

27.9 (5.0)

27.8 (5.0)

30.3 (5.8)

28.9 (3.9)

25.4 (3.6)

< 0.0001

Waist circumference (cm)

93.0 (14.6)

92.9 (14.4)

98.8 (16.9)

95.2 (12.9)

84.4 (11.4)

< 0.0001

Low density lipoprotein (mg/dL)

128 (32)

128 (30)

125 (38)

125 (32)

128 (36)

0.78

High density lipoprotein (mg/dL)

54 (16)

55 (17)

56 (17)

53 (15)

53 (13)

0.61

Triglycerides (mg/dL)^†

116 (86)

118 (84)

97 (64)

138 (113)

121 (89)

0.12

ADMA^‡ (μmol/L)

0.63 (0.10)

0.64 (0.11)

0.61 (0.10)

0.64 (0.09)

0.62 (0.09)

0.20

C-reactive protein (mg/L)

3.4 (6.4)

3.4 (6.7)

4.4 (6.6)

3.5 (5.1)

1.9 (2.8)

0.22

LpPLA₂ mass (ng/mL)^†

227 (71)

233 (75)

198 (63)

221 (59)

202 (73)

< 0.0001

LpPLA₂ activity (nmol/ml-min)^†

130 (43)

134 (41)

108 (32)

124 (36)

124 (61)

< 0.0001

LpPLA₂ mass > 235 ng/mL

302 (42%)

260 (48%)

11 (18%)

19 (31%)

12 (24%)

< 0.0001

Current cigarette smoking

52 (7.3%)

42 (7.8%)

8 (13.3%)

1 (1.6%)

1 (1.9%)

0.035

Physical activity (kCal/kg-day)

34.8 (3.5)

34.9 (3.6)

34.4 (3.7)

35.0 (3.1)

34.6 (2.8)

0.76

Percent of calories from saturated fat

10.1 (2.7)

10.3 (2.7)

10.3 (2.9)

10.1 (2.5)

8.5 (1.7)

0.0001

Percent of calories from carbohydrates

46.6 (9.1)

46.0 (9.0)

46.3 (9.1)

49.1 (9.7)

49.8 (8.2)

0.0038

Annual income ≥ $50,000

452 (68%)

351 (70%)

37 (70%)

30 (54%)

34 (68%)

0.11

College graduate

173 (17%)

133 (25%)

10 (17%)

9 (15%)

21 (40%)

0.0059

Ala379Val

   Homozygous major

440 (63%)

340 (64%)

29 (49%)

32 (52%)

39 (75%)

0.011

   Heterozygous

235 (33%)

170 (32%)

28 (47%)

25 (41%)

12 (23%)

0.021

   Homozygous minor

28 (4%)

21 (4%)

2 (3%)

4 (7%)

1 (2%)

0.64

Arg92His

   Homozygous major

394 (56%)

291 (55%)

39 (66%)

27 (44%)

37 (71%)

0.011

   Heterozygous

256 (36%)

198 (37%)

17 (29%)

28 (46%)

13 (25%)

0.075

   Homozygous minor

55 (8%)

44 (8%)

3 (5%)

6 (10%)

2 (4%)

0.52

Ile198Thr

   Homozygous major

617 (87%)

479 (90%)

36 (61%)

59 (97%)

43 (83%)

< 0.0001

   Heterozygous

85 (12%)

52 (10%)

22 (37%)

2 (3%)

9 (17%)

< 0.0001

   Homozygous minor

4 (0.6%)

3 (0.6%)

1 (2%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0.58