Table 1 Baseline characteristics of AMI cases and controls, Kaiser Permanente Multiphasic Health Checkup, 1984-1992.
| Â | AMI Cases (n = 695) | Controls (n = 690) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|  | N (%) or Mean ± SD |  |  |
Characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
Age, years* | 62 ± 11 | 62 ± 11 |  |
Gender* | Â | Â | Â |
   Men | 432 (62.2) | 430 (62.3) |  |
   Women | 263 (37.8) | 260 (37.7) |  |
Race/ethnicity* | Â | Â | Â |
   White | 377 (54.2) | 373 (54.1) |  |
   Black | 235 (33.8) | 234 (33.9) |  |
   Asian | 39 (5.6) | 39 (5.7) |  |
   Latino | 41 (5.9) | 41 (5.9) |  |
   Other | 3 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) |  |
Education level | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
   High school graduate or less | 343 (49.4) | 268 (38.8) |  |
   Some college | 202 (29.1) | 198 (28.7) |  |
   College graduate or higher | 150 (21.6) | 224 (32.5) |  |
Cigarette smoking status | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
   Never | 289 (41.6) | 336 (48.7) |  |
   Former | 200 (28.8) | 218 (31.6) |  |
   Current | 206 (29.6) | 136 (19.7) |  |
Alcohol consumption | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
   Abstainer | 79 (11.4) | 45 (6.5) |  |
   Occasional | 365 (52.5) | 348 (50.4) |  |
   1-2 drinks/day | 205 (29.5) | 239 (34.6) |  |
   ≥ 3 drinks/day | 46 (6.6) | 58 (8.4) |  |
Hypertension | 531 (76.4) | 417 (60.4) | < 0.0001 |
Diabetes | 147 (21.2) | 49 (7.1) | < 0.0001 |
Body mass index, Kg/m2 | 27.4 ± 4.9 | 26.6 ± 4.7 | 0.002 |
Serum Triglycerides (mmol/L)†| 1.80 (1.33) | 1.38 (1.08) | < 0.0001 |
Serum HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.11 ± 0.34 | 1.27 ± 0.39 | < 0.0001 |
Serum LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.90 ± 0.75 | 2.59 ± 0.72 | < 0.0001 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) †| 2.52 (4.37) | 1.55 (2.80) | < 0.0001 |
10-year Framingham Risk Score | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
   Low (< 10%) | 219 (31.5) | 399 (57.8) |  |
   Intermediate (10- < 20%) | 265 (38.1) | 212 (30.7) |  |
   High (≥ 20%) | 211 (30.4) | 79 (11.4) |  |
Angiopoietin-1 (ng/ml) †‡ | 33.1 (13.6) | 32.5 (12.7) | 0.52 |
Angiopoietin-2 (ng/ml) †| 1.18 (0.66) | 1.05 (0.58) | < 0.0001 |
Tie-2 (ng/ml) †‡ | 14.2 (3.7) | 14.0 (3.1) | 0.07 |
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (pg/ml) †| 260 (252) | 235 (224) | 0.01 |