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Table 2 Health profile, severity of the airflow obstruction according to the VEF1, comorbidities and quality of life according to the SF12 of patients with COPD examined in function of the presence or the absence of associated heart disease*.

From: The influence of heart disease on characteristics, quality of life, use of health resources, and costs of COPD in primary care settings

Parameter

Patients without heart disease

(n = 7,620)

Patients with heart disease

(n = 1,770)

p

Tobacco consumption:

   

   Never (%)

23.3

21.9

< 0.05

   Ex-smoker (%)

56.1

66.5

 

   Active smoker (%)

20.7

11.6

 

Physical exercise:

   

   None (%)

30.4

40.7

< 0.05

   Light (%)

64.7

57.3

 

   Moderate (%)

5.0

2.0

 

Level of obesity**:

   

   Normal weight (%)

24.6

21.2

< 0.05

   Overweight (%)

55.3

48.7

 

   Obesity (%)

20.1

30.2

 

Severity of obstruction (VEF1):

   

   Mild

37.7

24.4

< 0.05

   Moderate

53.3

53.3

 

   Serious

8.9

22.3

 

Comorbidities:

   

   Blood hypertension (%)

40.8

64.3

< 0.05

   Hypercholesterolemia (%)

37.7

44.5

< 0.05

   Diabetes (%)

12.2

29.5

< 0.05

   Gastroduodenal ulcer (%)

13.7

19.2

< 0.05

   Depression (%)

10.9

16.3

< 0.05

   Anxiety (%)

19.8

25.9

< 0.05

Quality of life (SF-12):

   

   Mental component (mean ± SD)

48.7 ± 10.8

46.5 ± 11.9

< 0.05

   Physical component (mean ± SD)

37.0 ± 9.8

30.7 ± 8.7

< 0.05

  1. * All percentages and means have been adjusted to age and gender using the direct method.
  2. ** Normal weight (BMI < 27), overweight (BMI ≥ 27 and < 30), and obesity (BMI ≥ 30). NS: not significant. SF-12 range: 0 (worst possible quality of life) - 100 (best quality of life).